使用 rrdtool (和 rrdcollect) 设置监控

安装程序

创建 rrd 数据库

由于我们将使用 rrdcollect 来为我们收集数据，我们将创建 rrdcollect 默认配置尝试使用的所有数据库。

stat.rrd

rrdtool create /var/lib/rrdtool/stat.rrd \
--step 60 \
DS:cpu_user:COUNTER:120:0:U \
DS:cpu_nice:COUNTER:120:0:U \
DS:cpu_system:COUNTER:120:0:U \
DS:cpu_idle:COUNTER:120:0:U \
DS:cpu_iowait:COUNTER:120:0:U \
DS:cpu_irq:COUNTER:120:0:U \
DS:cpu_softirq:COUNTER:120:0:U \
DS:ctxt:COUNTER:120:0:U \
DS:page_in:COUNTER:120:0:U \
DS:page_out:COUNTER:120:0:U \
DS:processes:COUNTER:120:0:U \
DS:swap_in:COUNTER:120:0:U \
DS:swap_out:COUNTER:120:0:U \
RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:1:360 \
RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:10:1008 \
RRA:MAX:0.5:10:1008

memory.rrd

rrdtool create /var/lib/rrdtool/memory.rrd \
--step 60 \
DS:mem_total:GAUGE:120:0:U \
DS:mem_used:GAUGE:120:0:U \
DS:mem_free:GAUGE:120:0:U \
DS:mem_shared:GAUGE:120:0:U \
DS:mem_buffers:GAUGE:120:0:U \
DS:swap_total:GAUGE:120:0:U \
DS:swap_used:GAUGE:120:0:U \
DS:swap_free:GAUGE:120:0:U \
RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:1:360 \
RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:10:1008 \
RRA:MAX:0.5:10:1008

eth0.rrd

rrdtool create /var/lib/rrdtool/eth0.rrd \
--step 60 \
DS:bytes_in:COUNTER:120:0:U \
DS:pkts_in:COUNTER:120:0:U \
DS:bytes_out:COUNTER:120:0:U \
DS:pkts_out:COUNTER:120:0:U \
RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:1:360 \
RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:10:1008 \
RRA:MAX:0.5:10:1008

注意： 如果您选择更改 "--step 60" （它指定了数据将被馈送到 RRD 的基本间隔，以秒为单位），请确保更改 /etc/rrdcollect/rrdcollect.conf 中的 'step' 值以反映上述更改。

提示： 在上面的示例中，每个 .rrd 中的第一个 RRA 更精确（1 分钟间隔），但它保存数据的时间更短。(1x360x60) 等于 21600 秒/6 小时)
第二个 RRA 评估 10 分钟间隔，并保存数据更长时间。(10x1008x60 等于 604800 秒/168 小时/7 天)

收集信息并放入 RRD 中

rc-service rrdcollect start

基于 rrd 创建图表

在下面的示例中，您会注意到 .png 文件导出到 "/var/www/localhost/htdocs/"。
您需要创建 /var/www/localhost/htdocs/ 或更改图像的路径。

Stat

rrdtool graph /var/www/localhost/htdocs/stat.png --start -1800  \
-a PNG -t "Stat" --vertical-label "bits/s" \
-w 1260 -h 400 -r \
DEF:cpu_user=/var/lib/rrdtool/stat.rrd:cpu_user:AVERAGE \
DEF:cpu_nice=/var/lib/rrdtool/stat.rrd:cpu_nice:AVERAGE \
DEF:cpu_system=/var/lib/rrdtool/stat.rrd:cpu_system:AVERAGE \
DEF:cpu_idle=/var/lib/rrdtool/stat.rrd:cpu_idle:AVERAGE \
DEF:cpu_iowait=/var/lib/rrdtool/stat.rrd:cpu_iowait:AVERAGE \
DEF:cpu_irq=/var/lib/rrdtool/stat.rrd:cpu_irq:AVERAGE \
DEF:cpu_softirq=/var/lib/rrdtool/stat.rrd:cpu_softirq:AVERAGE \
DEF:ctxt=/var/lib/rrdtool/stat.rrd:ctxt:AVERAGE \
DEF:page_in=/var/lib/rrdtool/stat.rrd:page_in:AVERAGE \
DEF:page_out=/var/lib/rrdtool/stat.rrd:page_out:AVERAGE \
DEF:processes=/var/lib/rrdtool/stat.rrd:processes:AVERAGE \
DEF:swap_in=/var/lib/rrdtool/stat.rrd:swap_in:AVERAGE \
DEF:swap_out=/var/lib/rrdtool/stat.rrd:swap_out:AVERAGE \
AREA:cpu_user#D7CC00:cpu_user \
AREA:cpu_nice#D7CC00:cpu_nice \
LINE2:cpu_system#D73600:cpu_system \
LINE2:cpu_idle#D73600:cpu_idle \
LINE2:ctxt#0101D6:ctxt \
LINE2:page_in#0101D6:page_in \
LINE2:page_out#D73600:page_out \
LINE2:processes#D73600:processes \
LINE2:swap_in#D73600:swap_in \
LINE2:swap_out#D73600:swap_out

Memory

rrdtool graph /var/www/localhost/htdocs/memory.png --start -1800  \
-a PNG -t "Memory" --vertical-label "" \
-w 1260 -h 400 -r \
DEF:mem_total=/var/lib/rrdtool/memory.rrd:mem_total:AVERAGE \
DEF:mem_used=/var/lib/rrdtool/memory.rrd:mem_used:AVERAGE \
DEF:mem_free=/var/lib/rrdtool/memory.rrd:mem_free:AVERAGE \
DEF:mem_shared=/var/lib/rrdtool/memory.rrd:mem_shared:AVERAGE \
DEF:mem_buffers=/var/lib/rrdtool/memory.rrd:mem_buffers:AVERAGE \
DEF:swap_total=/var/lib/rrdtool/memory.rrd:swap_total:AVERAGE \
DEF:swap_used=/var/lib/rrdtool/memory.rrd:swap_used:AVERAGE \
DEF:swap_free=/var/lib/rrdtool/memory.rrd:swap_free:AVERAGE \
CDEF:mem_total_x=mem_total,1024,\* \
CDEF:mem_used_x=mem_used,1024,\* \
CDEF:mem_free_x=mem_free,1024,\* \
CDEF:mem_shared_x=mem_shared,1024,\* \
CDEF:mem_buffers_x=mem_buffers,1024,\* \
CDEF:swap_total_x=swap_total,1024,\* \
CDEF:swap_used_x=swap_used,1024,\* \
CDEF:swap_free_x=swap_free,1024,\* \
LINE1:mem_total_x#000000:mem_total \
LINE2:mem_used_x#D7CC00:mem_used \
LINE2:mem_free_x#00CC00:mem_free \
LINE2:mem_shared_x#D73600:mem_shared \
LINE2:mem_buffers_x#D73600:mem_buffers \
LINE2:swap_total_x#000000:swap_total \
LINE2:swap_used_x#0101D6:swap_used \
LINE2:swap_free_x#0101D6:swap_free

eth0

rrdtool graph /var/www/localhost/htdocs/eth0.png --start -1h  \
-a PNG -t "eth0" --vertical-label "bits/s" \
-w 1260 -h 400 -r \
DEF:bytes_in=/var/lib/rrdtool/eth0.rrd:bytes_in:AVERAGE \
DEF:bytes_out=/var/lib/rrdtool/eth0.rrd:bytes_out:AVERAGE \
CDEF:bits_in=bytes_in,8,\* \
CDEF:bits_out=bytes_out,-8,\* \
AREA:bits_in#339933:bits_in \
AREA:bits_out#aa3333:bits_out \
HRULE:0#000000

rrdtool graph /var/www/localhost/htdocs/eth0pkt.png --start -1800  \
-a PNG -t "eth0" --vertical-label "packets" \
-w 1260 -h 400 -r \
DEF:pkts_in=/var/lib/rrdtool/eth0.rrd:pkts_in:AVERAGE \
DEF:pkts_out=/var/lib/rrdtool/eth0.rrd:pkts_out:AVERAGE \
CDEF:pkts_out_negative=pkts_out,-1,\* \
LINE2:pkts_in#006600:pkts_in \
LINE2:pkts_out_negative#D73600:pkts_out \
HRULE:0#000000